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hai [01.07.2022:1341] – [灰型] aequiviniushai [08.08.2026:2301] (current) – [Washing] aequivinius
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 =====灰===== =====灰=====
  
 [[literature|CQ82]] really is the 灰 issue, covering types, history, and one instruction for 灰型. In 茶の湯, 5 types of ash are used.  [[literature|CQ82]] really is the 灰 issue, covering types, history, and one instruction for 灰型. In 茶の湯, 5 types of ash are used. 
  
-For 風呂 and 炉, ashes are ideally made of oak (//Quercus acutissima// or //serrata//, though I'd really rather use the latter for storing whisky in it); but, kindly enough, they say that pine or any other wood are //satisfactory// 🤷‍♂️ Or, as 織部 did, you use ash from the Uji tea driers. Or, as Fabio does, get it from a Pizza restaurant.+<WRAP alert>Ash is really not healthy; so when sieving it, you should wear a mask and eye protection!</WRAP> 
 + 
 +For 風炉 and 炉, ashes are ideally made of oak (//Quercus acutissima// or //serrata//, though I'd really rather use the latter for storing whisky in it); but, kindly enough, they say that pine or any other wood are //satisfactory// 🤷‍♂️ Or, as 織部 did, you use ash from the Uji tea driers. Or, as Fabio does, get it from a Pizza restaurant.
  
-   * **風呂灰** also called silky **ふくさ灰**+   * **風炉灰** also called silky **ふくさ灰**
    * **炉灰**, which is the same (but coarser) as above, but coloured with cloves and ばん茶    * **炉灰**, which is the same (but coarser) as above, but coloured with cloves and ばん茶
    * **フジ灰** (white wisteria ash)    * **フジ灰** (white wisteria ash)
    * **わら灰 (藁灰)** (straw ash)    * **わら灰 (藁灰)** (straw ash)
    * **ヒシ灰（菱灰）** (red caltrop ash)    * **ヒシ灰（菱灰）** (red caltrop ash)
 +
 +There's also a [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QYWvJdkFzU&t=2119s|lecture]] by Kimura, where he explains a little bit about ash and 炭.
 +
 +^                    風炉 ^ 炉                                                       ^
 +|  80 holes per cm² | 40                                                       |
 +|             only sieved | sieved and washed                                        |
 +|            not coloured | coloured                                                 |
 +|              stored dry | stored in air-tight ceramics so it stays moist all year  |
 +
 +====Washing====
 +
 +👆 Only the 炉 ashes are washed, the 風炉 ashes are just sifted. After having washed and sifted the 炉 ashes often enough, you can even "upgrade" them to 帛紗灰!
 +
 +For me, I found this approach works: All 炉 ashes are washed, and I don't make separate しめし灰. I do 3 turns with water, aromatising the ashes on the last turn. ⚠️ Wear kitchen cloves while working with the ashes ⸻ they don't tear, protect well, and you can mix the ashes in the water with them!
 +
 +   - Gather ashes, sieve them into a bucket. (Maybe the sieving is not really necessary, because they get sieved afterwards.)
 +   - Prepare aromatising tea: I used cloves (traditional), saffron (smells heavenly) and juniper (didn't add much). So in 2027, maybe I find a third spice, which might just as well be annatto.
 +   - Fill bucket with water, mix well (just with the gloved hand). Skim off the shit on the surface. Wait a few hours, pour off the somewhat clear water. Add some more water, mix again, wait a few hours, and pour off.
 +   - For the third rinsing, use the aromatised water. Dump it all into an Utz box lined with a burp towel, hang the towel overnight to drain. 
 +   - Then dry either in the sunlight or the oven at 100°, breaking up clumps every now and then. At > 30°, the 炉 ashes were fine after about 4 days.
 +   - Because I don't have a specific sieve for the 炉 ashes, sieve them with a kitchen sieve.
  
 ====ふくさ灰==== ====ふくさ灰====
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 {{youtube>fp4U5xb9Xx8}}\\ {{youtube>fp4U5xb9Xx8}}\\
-When 風呂 ends, ash should be sieved and stored in an air-tight container; and used over and over again until it becomes greenish-yellow.+When 風炉 ends, ash should be sieved and stored in an air-tight container; and used over and over again until it becomes greenish-yellow.
  
 ====炉灰==== ====炉灰====
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 ☝️ Sieved with 40 holes per cm² ☝️ Sieved with 40 holes per cm²
 +
 +☝️ Someone on discord said they are stored in sake barrels, which I like.
  
 ====フジ灰==== ====フジ灰====
 Made burning from wisteria (フジ) bean pods; or dried cedar needles (then it's technically せん香灰, incense-stick ash). So clean, sometimes some ふくさ灰 is mixed in to make it more interesting. Made burning from wisteria (フジ) bean pods; or dried cedar needles (then it's technically せん香灰, incense-stick ash). So clean, sometimes some ふくさ灰 is mixed in to make it more interesting.
  
-At the beginning of summer, you use less; toward the middle you use more, and towards the end less again.+At the beginning of summer, you use less; toward the middle you use more, and towards the end less again. Always add this just before you begin, not the night before.
  
 ====わら灰==== ====わら灰====
 Made by soaking straw, ideally wheat or rice, remove husk and soak in salt water for one hour. (About 70 grams salt per litre, to stiffen them up.) Half-dry the straw and bake in an almost airtight container until no smoke emerges any more. Open only when cooled down, otherwise they will ignite. ({{ ::warabai.pdf | See example}}.) Made by soaking straw, ideally wheat or rice, remove husk and soak in salt water for one hour. (About 70 grams salt per litre, to stiffen them up.) Half-dry the straw and bake in an almost airtight container until no smoke emerges any more. Open only when cooled down, otherwise they will ignite. ({{ ::warabai.pdf | See example}}.)
  
-Used for the やつれ風呂 in October, by forming the ash with the 二もんじ, and putting it //on top// with tweezers, cutting each piece to size. Also used for the round がん炉 in the 水屋; and hand-warmers, in which case it is powdered or broken.+Used for the やつれ風炉 in October, by forming the ash with the 二もんじ, and putting it //on top// with tweezers, cutting each piece to size. Also used for the round がん炉 in the 水屋; and hand-warmers, in which case it is powdered or broken.
  
 {{ ::warabai.png?600 |}} {{ ::warabai.png?600 |}}
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 ====ヒシ灰==== ====ヒシ灰====
-Reddish ash made by roasting the shells of caltrop nuts (Trapa japonica, //Wassernuss// in German, ヒシ in Japanese) and grinding them; used for charcoal for 香 and on the タバコ盆. Could be mixed with fresh, uncoloured ふくさ灰 to colour it a bit; but that'd be cheating.+Reddish ash made by roasting the shells of caltrop nuts (Trapa japonica, //Wassernuss// in German, ヒシ in Japanese) and grinding them; used for charcoal for 香 and on the タバコ盆. Could be mixed with fresh, uncoloured ふくさ灰 to give a bit of colour to the latter; but that'd be cheating.
  
 {{ ::caltrop.png?400 |}} {{ ::caltrop.png?400 |}}
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 Strictly not part of 茶の湯, but Christians use the ash from previous year's Palm Sunday on Ash Wednesday just before lent; it might be a cute idea to use it, too. Strictly not part of 茶の湯, but Christians use the ash from previous year's Palm Sunday on Ash Wednesday just before lent; it might be a cute idea to use it, too.
  
-=====Flexions===== +====Flexions==== 
-   * Set the trivet so that it is equidistant from all walls.  +風炉の七歪 or 七つひねり, differs from school to school, but here's a set of rules, mostly from the Almanac, that seem to make sense to me:
-   * Then, according to some old text described in [[literature|CQ82]], the trivet is pulled forward half a centimetre. This is because the 釜 should be tilted forward slightly, and like this it is still equidistant from all the 風炉 walls. +
-   * Then, move the trivet a bit to the left, and the brazier a bit to the right. +
-   * Other texts go even further in arguing for //seven flexions// (風炉の七歪,  ひずみ) — the one in CQ82 is a bit confused, so I jumbled this list together with what I could find on the internets. However, this is not a topic that many people write about; so maybe it was just some 先生 who wanted to correct //something//, at all; or, something for the different schools to differentiate themselves. +
- +
-      - Trivet half a centimetre to the front +
-      - Kettle a bit tilted to the front (so far, so good) +
-      - Kettle twisted towards the host +
-   - Brazier twisted towards the guest +
-   - Fireguard twisted a bit towards the guest (at least [[https://sokuu.exblog.jp/20833335/|one]] person does that the opposite way) +
-   - Ashes go slightly down from left to right, and front to back +
-   - 柄杓 slightly towards the host +
-=====灰型===== +
-   *[[literature|CQ82]] argues that 灰型 is one of the few areas in 茶の湯 where the host can express his creativity, when the rest of movements is fixed and 道具 made by someone else.  +
-   * Also, it gives away easily the degree of his accomplishment. +
-   * 利休 came up with this idea when he was riding on the beach with 織部 +
- +
-There are 9 ash forms in 裏千家 today: +
- +
-   - 二文字　押し切り（おしきり） +
-   - 二文字　書き上げ（かきあげ） +
-   - 丸灰　押し切り +
-   - 丸灰　書き上げ +
-   - 向　一文字　前谷　（むこ　まえたに） +
-   - 遠山（とおやま）一山（ひとつ） +
-   - 遠山　二山 +
-   - 向山（むこう） +
-   - 鱗灰（うろこ）(only for highest 点前) +
- +
-{{ ::touyama.png?400 |}} +
- +
-{{ ::yasure.png?400 |}} +
- +
-   * Start by brushing the surface into the right shape. Doing it with a brush makes sure it is already even, making it easier to flatten. +
-   * For 鱗灰（うろこ）, which you use for 真の行, you make a 二文字　押し切り, then take some more ash into a mortar and pestle with some water, spread it out and lay each 'scale' individually. +
- +
-=====灰さじ===== +
- +
-   * Flat one is ひらば or こばん +
-   * Pointy one is ささば (like bamboo) +
-   * Round one is まるば. This you can bend more to your liking with a towel, if it's made from copper. If it's lacquered, the lacquer would crack. +
- +
-☝️ Copper is the best +
- +
-   * To make a complete set, you should also add a brush, some フジ灰 and a chopstick for writing the trigram. Thierry also has a board and a water scale, which is quite 🥹. +
- +
- +
-=====Notes dump from seminar===== +
- +
-shin: mayu earthernware, takeno joo mayu buro or ooburo ( too large for the daisu) +
-gyo: everything bronze and other shapes +
-so: cast iron +
- +
-ita +
-shin: arame ita : black lacquer, horizontal rays, wider to front than far side ; use for black clay or bronze +
-plain shin nuri +
- +
-generally: grain should show towards the guest (on bottom shelf, middle +
- +
-iron furo you use ceramic tile (usually oribe) +
- +
-HAI +
-finely sifted (fukusa bai) (and the japanese got specialised sieves for it, looking like a mehlsieb +
-> 80 holes to 1 cm^2 +
- +
-ro > 40 holes to 1 cm^2 +
- +
-> ask at barbequee restaurants +
- +
- +
-haisaji +
-hiraba (flat) (or koban) +
-sasaba (like bamboo) +
-maruba (round) (bend a lot) +
-> copper is best +
-> can be bend carefully in a towel (if it’s not lacquered) +
-very light brush to straighten the surface +
- +
-this should suffice, but there are larger sets +
-ogawadori konnichi sell helpers,  +
- +
-add a brush or feather +
-and a bag of fujibai (when not using a iron one; adding more during high summer than at the beginning and end) +
-a chopstick for writing the trigram +
- +
- +
-TOKIMURABURA (designed by Gengensai and smaller by Tantansai +
-Tokiwa _> set, iron; green lacquer with red rim +
--> all purpose practise buro +
-seishikisumagora +
- +
-furotobai to shin no gyo +
-make nimonji oshikiri, grind ash with a little water, and put every fish scale down each one by one +
- +
-warabai in october, also standard nimonji oshikiri; put them down one by one with tweezers and cut with very fine scissors +
- +
-hosho paper, folded like for a kaishi for sweets +
-> or just use newspaper like fabio +
- +
- +
- +
-for non-iron furo you use a white mae gawara, for tetsu / iron use red +
- +
- +
- +
-getting a new urushi furo, start with smaller fires to break it in otherwise it will crack +
- +
-(today there are "clay furo" made of metal and lacquered, so that they are lighter) +
- +
- +
- +
-toyama useful for larger furo +
-> chose according to aesthetic considerations$ +
- +
- +
-height for kirikake -> its the gitcho +
- +
- +
-even though you can get people in japan to do haigta for you, at a chaji it is essential you do the haigata (and clean the toilet) yourself +
- +
- +
-do haigata the day before, but fujibai just before +
- +
- +
- +
-toyama +
-right in hongatte +
-make one side of front line round (use the bent spoon) +
-then form the mountain top +
-then brush the rest (making sure there’s enough room for charcoal) +
- +
- +
-mukoyama in nakaoki +
- +
- +
-===Ashes=== +
-   * [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlmLrb78CfI|video]]!+
  
-=====☵===== +   - 風炉 turned towards guests (this one everyone seems to agree on) 
-[[https://www.chanoyudecoded.com/writings/furo-style-and-form/|Palmer]] explains that the trigram ☵ is written because it not only represents water, but also //north//, thus establishing the host facing north.+   - 釜 turned away from guest 
 +   - 五徳 slightly forward 
 +   - 釜 slightly backward (far side higher) 
 +   - 前瓦 away from guest 
 +   - 灰型 highest in front left, lowest in back right 
 +   - 柄杓 a bit towards the guest
Last modified: 01.07.2022:1341